Abstract This article aims to contribute both to the Refgov project, which is focused on the ambition to find ways of promoting human rights within the EU, but also, more in general and apart from the project, to an improved understanding of the crucial place conflict of law rules occupy in the building of a common Europe-a highly political question behind apparently technical issues. In the study the author deals with the parameters, points of interest, etc in relation to private international law which should be heeded if European Member States look at each other's laws, and-in the context of the Refgov project-if the idea is to exchange best practices or harmonise substantive law, or to harmonise private international law, etc further through a type of open method of coordination. The contribution also shows that private international law issues are decisive in respect of every evaluation of the impact of European integration on human rights, both if this integration process takes place through negative harmonisation (for example by falling back on the principle of mutual recognition) and through positive harmonisation.